The Unseen Struggle: Obesity’s impact on women’s health and wellbeing

WHEN IS A PERSON SAID TO BE OBESE?
Recently, the definition of obesity in Indians has undergone a change. A person is now considered obese if their Body Mass Index (BMI) is 23 kg/m2 or higher, which is lower than the previous cutoff of 25 kg/m2. Abdominal obesity is defined as a waist circumference exceeding 90 cm in men and 80 cm in women. Abdominal obesity puts a person at very high risk of developing diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure and heart diseases in future.

IS OBESITY MORE COMMON IN WOMEN?

According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), obesity rates are similar among men and women, with 23% of women and 22.1% of men classified as obese based on BMI criteria. However, abdominal obesity rates are significantly higher among women, with 40% of women and 12% of men meeting the criteria for abdominal obesity. This translates into 4 in 10 women having a waist circumference higher than the prescribed cut-off mark for abdominal obesity.

WHY WOMEN ARE MORE PRONE TO OBESITY?

Women are more susceptible to obesity due to various biological, social, and environmental factors. Hormonal fluctuations during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause can lead to weight gain, particularly around the abdomen. Menopause is the time when estrogen levels in women fall which puts them at high risk of gaining weight especially around belly. Genetics also play a role, with women from families with a history of obesity or diabetes being more likely to develop obesity. Additionally, women often prioritize caregiving responsibilities over their own health, leading to poor dietary habits, sedentary lifestyles, and inadequate self-care.

WHAT ARE THE HEALTH RISKS OF OBESITY?

Obesity is a serious health concern that extends beyond mere aesthetics. Abdominal obesity, in particular, increases the risk of developing metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Women with obesity are 3-7 times more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than women with a healthy weight. Other health risks associated with obesity include gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, and clinical depression.

DOES OBESITY EFFECTS WOMEN’S HORMONES?

Obesity can disrupt the delicate balance of sex hormones, including estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone. This hormonal imbalance can lead to ovulatory dysfunction, irregular menstrual cycles, infertility and an increased risk of developing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Obesity also increases the risk of pregnancy complications, such as gestational diabetes and preeclampsia.

WHAT ARE THE PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF OBESITY IN WOMEN?

Obesity can have a profound impact on a woman’s mental health, contributing to depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, and social stigma. Addressing these psychological effects requires a holistic approach that incorporates mental health support, lifestyle changes, and stigma reduction.

HOW CAN WOMEN MANAGE OBESITY EFFECTIVELY?

Managing obesity effectively requires a balanced approach, including proper nutrition, physical activity, lifestyle changes, and medical support. A healthy diet rich in whole foods, lean proteins, and fibre while avoiding processed foods helps control weight. Regular exercise, including cardio (150–300 minutes/week) and strength training, boosts metabolism and muscle tone. Lifestyle habits like mindful eating, quality sleep (7–9 hours), and stress management are crucial. Even a small weight loss of 3-5% can give huge benefits in terms of blood glucose control, improving hormones, regulating menstrual cycles and improving fertility. Women need not get hassled by keeping huge weight loss goals. Take small steps and try to lose weight gradually.

IS THERE ANY MEDICAL THERAPY FOR OBESITY?

Recent advances in medical therapy have led to the development of new treatments for obesity. GLP-1 medications, such as semaglutide and tirzepatide, have been shown to facilitate significant weight loss (10-15 kg) in women. These therapies should be used in conjunction with lifestyle modifications and under medical supervision.

Building a support system, setting realistic goals, and celebrating progress beyond the scale help maintain long-term success. Remember, the journey to overcoming obesity is a marathon, not a sprint!

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