Unveiling the Complexities of Women’s Hormones: Navigating Health and Wellness

Dr. Parjeet Kaur completed her MBBS from renowned Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, followed by MD internal Medicine and DM Endocrinology from prestigious AIIMS, New Delhi. Armed with this impressive educational background, she joined Medanta hospital, where she continues to excel and make a lasting impact.

As an endocrinologist she is continuously intrigued by the intricate dance of hormones within the female body. From puberty to menopause and beyond, hormones play a pivotal role in shaping a woman’s health, influencing everything from her reproductive system to her metabolism and mood. Women’s endocrinology is a branch of medical science that focuses on the endocrine system in females, particularly how hormones function and affect various aspects of health and reproductive physiology.

In this article, she will delve into the role of women’s hormones, exploring their functions, fluctuations, and the profound impact they have on overall well-being.

HERE ARE SOME KEY AREAS WITHIN WOMEN ENDOCRINOLOGY:

PCOS: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition that causes irregular menstrual periods, acne, facial hair, scalp hair loss and ovaries that appear “polycystic” on pelvic ultrasound. Many females with PCOS are overweight or obese, and they are at higher-than-average risk of developing type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, fatty liver, and depression. For females with PCOS who want to become pregnant, fertility medications may be needed to induce ovulation. Although PCOS is not completely reversible, there are a number of treatments that can reduce or minimize bothersome symptoms. Most females with PCOS are able to lead a normal life without significant complications.

Thyroid Disorders: Thyroid hormones play a vital role in metabolism, energy regulation, and overall well-being. Women are more susceptible to thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) and hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). Endocrinologists diagnose and treat thyroid disorders, often through hormone replacement therapy or other medications.

Menopause: Menopause is the period in a woman’s life when her menstrual cycles completely stop and is characterized by decreasing levels of female hormones, particularly estrogen. Due to decreasing levels of female hormones, many women experience hot flashes, night sweats, disturbed sleep, fatigue, mood swings, anxiety, depression, vaginal dryness, painful intercourse, stress incontinence and recurrent urinary infections. In addition, the risk of weight gain, diabetes, heart disease, osteoporosis and fractures may increase. A balanced diet, active lifestyle and stress reduction strategies (such as meditation, yoga, dance or hobbies) can be very helpful in making the menopausal transition smooth. Women who have disturbing symptoms should consult an endocrinologist or gynecologist who can guide them on the use of appropriate supplements, antioxidants, isoflavones and menopausal hormone therapy (MHT).

Osteoporosis: Osteoporosis is a disease in which bones become weak. Osteoporotic bones are more likely to fracture (break), mostly at the wrists, hip and spine. Estrogen plays a critical role in maintaining bone density. Lower estrogen levels after menopause can increase the risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures. Routine screening of post menopausal women for osteoporosis is very important. An optimal diet including enough protein as well as calcium and vitamin D, exercises like weight bearing (walking, jogging) and resistance training (lifting mild weights) can decrease fracture risk.

Diabetes in women: Hormonal changes throughout a woman’s life, such as those during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause, can affect blood sugar levels and insulin sensitivity. Women are at risk of developing gestational diabetes during pregnancy and diabetes can significantly affect pregnancy outcomes. Women with diabetes have an increased risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs), genital infections and increased risk of heart attacks compared to men.

Mood and Mental Health: Fluctuations in hormones can affect mood, energy levels, and mental health. Conditions such as premenstrual syndrome (PMS), postpartum depression, and perimenopausal mood swings may be influenced by hormonal changes.

Overall, maintaining hormonal balance is crucial for women’s health at every stage of life. Lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, stress management, and adequate sleep can all impact hormone levels and overall well-being. Regular medical check-ups and discussions with endocrinologist can help women manage their hormonal health effectively.

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