Peace & Spirituality: On Bihar’s Buddhist Trail

The state of Bihar is not only known for its rich historical and cultural heritage but also for its profound association with Buddhism. The state is a treasure trove of Buddhist sites that hold significant spiritual and historical value. That is why Bihar is often referred to as the cradle of Buddhism and boasts a rich and unparalleled Buddhist heritage.

As the premier tourist destination for Buddhists worldwide, Bihar offers a remarkable journey through the life and teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha. The state is home to an array of significant Buddhist sites, with Bodh Gaya being the crown jewel, where the Buddha attained enlightenment. Nalanda, once a great ancient centre of learning, and Rajgir, where the Buddha spent a significant amount of time, are also integral parts of Bihar’s Buddhist legacy. The state’s historical and architectural treasures, combined with its spiritual ambience, provide a holistic experience for pilgrims and travellers seeking a deep connection with Buddhism.

Bihar stands as a timeless destination, embracing both its past and the continuous flow of visitors who come in search of enlightenment and cultural enrichment. It is home to two UNESCO World Heritage Sites, both associated with Buddhism. These are the Mahabodhi Mahavihara in Bodh Gaya and the ruins of the former Nalanda University. Besides that, the Government of Bihar has recommended that the Cyclopean Wall of Rajgir also be declared a UNSECO World Heritage Site.

Bihar’s Buddhist Circuit is a trail of the sacred footsteps of Lord Buddha and the important places of his life and teachings across Bihar. A journey along this Buddhist Trail is a truly enriching experience and will leave the traveller suffused with inner peace and a deep sense of spirituality. So, whether you are a devoted Buddhist seeking enlightenment or a curious traveller interested in history and spirituality, Bihar’s Buddhist sites offer a unique experience. The journey through these sacred locations lets you connect with the teachings of the Buddha, soak in the tranquillity of the surroundings, and immerse yourself in a profound spiritual experience. As you explore these sites, you’ll find that Bihar is not just a destination; it’s a spiritual journey that can leave a lasting impact on your soul.

BODH GAYA

Bodh Gaya, is often considered as the epicentre of Buddhism, is the place where Prince Siddhartha attained enlightenment under the Bodhi tree, becoming the Buddha. The Mahabodhi Temple Complex, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is the heart of Bodh Gaya and is a magnificent example of ancient Indian architecture. Pilgrims from around the world visit the temple to meditate and offer their prayers.The complex encompasses the revered Bodhi tree, the Diamond Throne, and various monasteries representing different Buddhist nations. Pilgrims come to meditate, offer prayers, and bask in the spiritual aura of Bodh Gaya, seeking enlightenment and inner peace. Beyond its religious significance, the town offers a glimpse into the rich tapestry of Indian culture and history, making it a captivating destination for those seeking a profound connection with Buddhism and a taste of ancient Indian heritage.

SUJATA STUPA

Sujata Stupa, also known as Sujata Kuti Stupa or Sujata Garh, is a Buddhist stupa in Senanigrama (Bakraur), a village lying to the east of Bodh Gaya. It is located right across the Phalgu River from Bodh Gaya, a 20-min walk away. Discoveries of dark grey polished objects and a punch-marked coin in the neighbouring monastery provide evidence that it was first constructed in the second century BCE.The stupa was built in honour of the milkmaid Sujata from this village, who is credited with feeding the Buddha milk It was a centre for Buddhist learning, attracting scholars and students from across the globe. While the university is in ruins today, you can explore the Nalanda Archaeological Museum and Nalanda Multimedia Museum to get a glimpse of its historical significance. The Hieun Tsang Memorial Hall, named after the renowned Chinese scholar who studied at Nalanda, further accentuates its historical significance. As visitors explore the meticulously restored ruins, they connect with the profound heritage of Buddhism and the scholars who shaped its philosophy.

RAJGIR

Rajgir is a picturesque town nestled in the hills, which played a pivotal role in the Buddha’s life. The Griddhakuta Hill, also known as Vulture’s Peak, is where the Buddha delivered some of his most famous sermons. The Ajatshatru Fort, Bimbisara Jail, and the Cyclopean Wall are other attractions in Rajgir that are closely linked to Buddhist history. The Cyclopean Wall of Rajgir is a 40-km-long wall of stone which encircled the ancient city of Rajgriha (present-day Rajgir), to protect it from enemies and potential invaders. It is among the oldest examples of cyclopean masonry in the world. Dating from c. 600 BCE to 400 BCE, it was erected by the early Magadha rulers using massive, undressed stones. The wall also finds mention in Buddhist works. Only some portions of the wall now remain. It is currently designated as a national monument, and the Bihar Archaeological Department has recommended to the Archaeological Survey of India that it be included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Vishwa Shanti Stupa, also called the Peace Pagoda, is located at the highest point of Ratnagiri hill, at an altitude of 400 m, in Rajgir. It is a remarkable tourist attraction that beckons travellers from far and wide. This magnificent stupa not only offers breathtaking panoramic views but also exudes an aura of tranquillity that makes it a must-visit destination for seekers of serenity. Built with marble, the Stupa comprises four golden statues of Lord Buddha with each representing his life periods of birth, enlightenment, preaching and death. There is a ropeway which helps the tourists reach the Stupa. The other route is via a serpentine staircase.

A marvel of architectural and spiritual significance, the Vishwa Shanti Stupa is constructed entirely of white marble, giving it an ethereal and pristine appearance that contrasts beautifully with the lush greenery of Ratnagiri hill. This striking choice of material not only adds to the stupa’s aesthetic appeal but also symbolizes purity and peace, which are central themes of Buddhism. Besides its spiritual significance, the Vishwa Shanti Stupa also serves as a symbol of world peace, emphasizing the importance of unity and harmony among different nations and religions.

VAISHALI

Vaishali is an ancient city with deep Buddhist roots. It was the birthplace of Lord Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism, and also a place closely associated with the Buddha. The city is known for the Relic Stupa, where a part of the Buddha’s ashes are said to be enshrined. Vaishali is celebrated for being the place where the Buddha delivered his last sermon before his Mahaparinirvana, making it a site of profound spiritual importance.

The Ashokan Pillar at Kohlua-approximately 65 km northwest of capital Patna-is a timeless symbol of India’s ancient heritage, standing tall in Vaishali and serving as a reminder of Emperor Ashoka’s commitment to spreading Buddhism. The pillar stands next to a brick stupa and commemorates Buddha’s last sermon. Found in an excavation, it has a life-size figure of a lion on top. Excavations have also revealed many other articles related to Buddhism. The pillar is made of a highly polished single piece of red sandstone, surmounted by a bell-shaped capital, 18.3 m high. There is a small tank here known as Ramkund.

The magnificent Relic Stupa and the Abhishek Pushkarni (coronation tank) further contribute to Vaishali’s spiritual ambience. The Stupa enshrines one of the eight parts of the mortal remains of Lord Buddha after he attained Mahaparinirvana and is one of the most revered sites for Buddhists. The Stupa was built by the Lichhav is as a mud-stupa in the 5th century BC. It was later discovered in an archaeological excavation carried out under the aegis of Patna-based K.P. Jayaswal Research Institute during 1958-1962. The relic casket excavated from the core of the stupa contained the holy ashes of Lord Buddha mixed with earth, a piece of conch, pieces of beads, a thin golden leaf and a copper punch-marked coin. The casket was brought to Patna Museum in 1972.

Buddhist devotees and history enthusiasts alike are drawn to Vaishali to pay homage to the Buddha’s final teachings and to immerse themselves in the tranquil aura of this sacred place. It’s a destination where history and spirituality intertwine, creating a unique and deeply meaningful experience for all who visit.

LAURIYA NANDANGARH

Lauriya Nandangarh is also known for its Ashoka Pillar, which is one of the pillars erected by Emperor Ashoka, a devout Buddhist and one of India’s most renowned rulers. The pillar is adorned with exquisite carvings and is a significant historical artifact.

VIKRAMSHILA

Situated at Antichak village in Kahalgaon sub-division, 38 km from Bhagalpur, ancient Vikramshila University was famous as a centre of learning during the Pala dynasty and was established by King Dharmapala. Two things impressed King Dharampala and motivated him to establish the university; first, the rocky hillock anchored around the confluence of the Kosi and Ganga rivers at Bateshwar Sthan was not only a scenic attraction but also a popular Tantric site. Second, the Ganga here was Uttar Vahini (flowing northwards) and as such, the place was a pilgrim centre which drew large crowds during Varsavardhana.

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